protocol wars
Books
- The Harness: How Software Taught AI to Work How Software Taught AI to Work · 李思特Think
A corporate history of the invisible layer that turned language models from oracles into workers.
- Autonomy Budget Authorization…ria were externally verifiable; its limit was at the frontier where criteria depended on unformalized human knowledge. The journey from the protocol wars of 2025 to the autonomy budget of February 2026 was one of standardization breeding formalization. The consolidation around a handful of do…
- Protocols, Physics, and Pivots…he harness layer fragmented into a thousand niche deployments. Consider the trajectory of Kortex. In 2025, it had been a rising star in the protocol wars, building a cross-model coordination layer that promised to let Claude agents negotiate tasks with GPT agents. Its valuation touched $850 m…
- Pricing Trust…meticulous work of translating human law and policy into machine-enforceable bounds—became the new harness. Firms that had risen during the protocol wars pivoted sharply. Companies like Stele, which had built robust agent logging systems, and Verge, founded by veterans of enterprise security…